This report provides an analysis of European and national regulations related to energy sharing and peer-to-peer (P2P) trading in the pilot countries. Moreover, it offers an overview of the commercial avenues available to energy communities and the various ways these communities can be implemented. The report also extends the analysis of energy sharing and P2P trading by examining implementations in other European countries, highlighting best practices as well as potential flaws in their models. It presents innovative services developed by other Horizon Europe projects and outlines the perspectives of grid stakeholders regarding energy sharing and P2P trading.
This deliverable presents the system requirements, technical specifications, and key performance indicators for the INTELLIGENT project’s core solutions, the GSY DEX, FOS, and EWDS. The report also assesses the technical readiness of four pilot sites, identifying data measurement, diversity and other infrastructure limitations affecting the planned development simulations and demonstrations. Mitigation strategies are proposed to address the identified technical challenges. A comprehensive KPI framework is proposed to evaluate project innovation across multiple sectors and dimensions, including energy efficiency, economic impact, environmental benefit, user engagement, and technical feasibility.
This report presents the first prototype of the Prediction Module developed under Work Package 4 of the INTELLIGENT project. As a key part of the Flexibility and Energy Optimisation Service (FOS), the module enables short-term forecasting of household electricity demand and solar PV generation using advanced machine learning models. XGBoost showed the best performance among the evaluated methods. The module supports energy communities in optimising local energy use and participating in energy markets. The codebases are made publicly available to promote reuse and collaboration. Future iterations will include the use of real-world data from pilot sites.
This deliverable presents the current status of the Flexibility and Energy Optimisation Service (FOS) optimisation module developed under Task 4.2 of the INTELLIGENT project. This module is responsible for determining optimal operational schedules for the flexible devices of local energy community members. The first prototype has been developed and is described in this report.
This deliverable presents the methodology, datasets, and insights from Task 2.1, which gathered, structured, and assessed technical and operational data across four INTELLIGENT pilot sites. It details pilot architectures, assets, and measurement infrastructures, addressing data usability, accessibility, quality, and privacy. The report identifies opportunities for energy flexibility, supporting development and pilot preparation activities. The comprehensive data assessment, including identified challenges and mitigation measures, inform the core project activities of modelling, tool development and integration, functional validation, and demonstration in subsequent work packages.
Task 2.3 “Human-centred requirements and context analysis” examined user and stakeholder perspectives on P2P energy trading and participation in local and renewable energy communities. The work combined cross-country online surveys, end-user workshops, stakeholder workshops, and the development of a socio-ecological framework. Surveys showed that financial benefits, energy self-sufficiency, and environmental motives drive participation, while barriers include limited technical understanding, organisational complexity, information gaps, and financial constraints. Workshops confirmed the need for transparent information, hybrid automation, simple and adjustable interfaces, and equitable pricing, and highlighted regulatory uncertainty, infrastructure limits, and trust issues. Stakeholders emphasised the importance of supportive regulation, intuitive platforms, interoperability, and community engagement. The
socio-ecological model synthesised risks and enabling factors across individual to societal levels, underscoring the need for context-sensitive solutions. Overall, findings show that successful P2P trading and energy community participation require transparent, reliable, user-centric platforms supported by trust-building and enabling governance, forming a basis for socially accepted and scalable energy community models.
This deliverable presents the current status of the Flexibility and Energy Optimisation Service (FOS) flexibility estimation module developed under Task 4.3 of the INTELLIGENT project. This module is responsible for determining the possible deviations for the flexible devices of local energy community members. The first prototype has been developed and is described in this report.
This document presents the master plan for the validation of the INTELLIGENT project, outlining the specific pilot scenarios, evaluation methodology, and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that will be used. It details the full operational plan, including the technical deployment and monitoring protocols, to ensure a robust and evidence-based assessment of the platform’s performance across the four pilot sites.
This deliverable presents the results of Task 2.5 of the INTELLIGENT project. Based on previously identified social and technical requirements, initial interface concepts were developed for two user groups: End-users (community members) and community managers. The end-user interface focuses on transparent presentation of household energy production, consumption, trading activity, and financial outcomes, while the community manager interface focuses more strongly on supporting operational monitoring of community performance, system status, and management of members and assets while also delivering insights into consumption, production and trading.
The concepts were iteratively refined through co-creation workshops with prospective users and community managers from the project pilots. These workshops provided feedback on visualisations, terminology, and functionalities, and helped identify operational requirements for both roles. In addition, a technical feasibility workshop with project partners assessed the implementability of identified requirements and aligned the interface design with the system architecture and data constraints of the platform. The refined concepts were evaluated through a lab-based user study with an interactive prototype and a survey with pilot members. Results indicate that the interface concept is generally understandable and usable, while also highlighting the importance of clear terminology, simplified visualisations, and sufficient contextual explanation of automated processes.
The final design concept presented in this deliverable integrates the results of the design iterations, workshops, feasibility discussions, and evaluations. It provides a structured interaction framework for both interfaces and will serve as the basis for implementation in the pilot environments within Work Package 6, where the system will be deployed and the user experience will be evaluated under real-world conditions.
In preparation
H, Borges Schiavon, D, Peretti Correa, P, Lissa and M, Keane. (2025). Advances and challenges in P2P energy trading: A review of renewable integration and decarbonisation in Ireland. Download here. Publisher’s link.
L. Daimond, H. Strömberg, S. Yilmaz, G. Garzon. (2025). Flexibility for All? Unpacking Readiness and Equity in Demand Side Management [extended abstract]. Download here. Publisher’s link.
T. Celig, S. Talari, W. Ketter, D. Schoder. (2025). Automated Market Makers Versus Double Auctions: A New Paradigm for Peer-to-Peer Energy Exchange. [Journal paper under peer review, coming in early 2026]
Lisa Diamond. (2025). Soziale Interventionen als Vehikel der Energiewende: Menschen im Zentrum der Transformation (in German). Mission Innovation Austria Week 2025 Download here.
INTELLIGENT About the Project Presentation. Network-aware, Ledger-based Local Energy Sharing and Flexibility Management Leveraging User Engagement. Download here.
Lisa Diamond. (2025). Active Consumers in Flexible Energy Systems: User Motivations, Barriers, and Readiness for Participation. EU4Energy Workshop: Accelerating Market Integration of Renewables – Focus on Flexibility and Active Consumers. Download here.
Francisco Luque, Biswarup Mukherjee. (2026). Advanced AI/ML in Local Energy Markets. 1st CCE WG Smart Tools Workshop: AI developments and compliance frameworks. BRIDGE Secretariat. Download here.
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